TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Local and Regional Anesthesia
A1  - Dillon, Douglas C.
A1  - Gibbs, Michael A.
A2  - Tintinalli, Judith E.
A2  - Stapczynski, J. Stephan
A2  - Ma, O. John
A2  - Yealy, Donald M.
A2  - Meckler, Garth D.
A2  - Cline, David M.
PY  - 2016
T2  - Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e
AB  - Before  the  availability  of  local  anesthetics,  local  pain  control  for  lacerations,  fractures,  and  minor  surgery  was  achieved  by  minimizing  the  pain  response  centrally,  typically  with  opiates  or  alcohol.  Procaine,  which  entered  clinical  use  in  1904,  was  the  only  local  anesthetic  available  for  almost  40  years,  but  the  short  duration  of  action  and  high  rate  of  allergic  reactions  limited  its  effectiveness.  Lidocaine  was  introduced  in  1943  and  continues  to  be  the  local  anesthetic  most  commonly  used  in  the  ED.1,2  Additional  local  anesthetics  are  available  for  both  topical  and  injectable  use  (Tables  36-1  and  36-2).  Emergency  physicians  commonly  use  local  and  regional  anesthetic  techniques  for  potentially  painful  procedures  performed  in  the  ED.3  Regional  anesthesia  can  also  be  used  to  control  the  pain  of  acute  injuries  and  reduce  the  utilization  of  systemic  analgesics.4,5  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1121503266
ER  -