TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 93. Infective Endocarditis
A1  - Nalagan, John C.
A2  - Cline, David M.
A2  - Ma, O. John
A2  - Cydulka, Rita K.
A2  - Meckler, Garth D.
A2  - Handel, Daniel A.
A2  - Thomas, Stephen H.
PY  - 2012
T2  - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 7e
AB  - Infective  endocarditis  (IE)  is  the  result  of  infection  and  damage  to  the  endocardium  of  the  heart  due  to  either  a  cardiac  structural  abnormality  or  risk  factors  such  as  injection  drug  use,  indwelling  catheters,  poor  dental  hygiene,  or  infection  with  HIV.  IE  most  commonly  involves  the  mitral  valve  and  has  3  main  classifications.  Native  valve  endocarditis  is  the  most  common  form  (59%  to  70%)  and  most  often  affects  patients  with  mitral  valve  prolapse,  bicuspid  aortic  valve,  calcific  aortic  stenosis,  or  rheumatic  heart  disease.  Streptococcus  viridians,  Staphylococcus  aureus,  and  enterococcus  are  most  commonly  involved  with  mortality  rates  from  16%  to  27%.  Endocarditis  involving  injection  drugs  is  the  second  classification  and  has  an  estimated  incidence  of  2%  to  5%.  There  is  a  predilection  for  the  tricuspid  valve  and  is  associated  with  high  recurrence  and  mortality  rates,  particularly  in  HIV  patients.  S  aureus  is  the  main  pathogen.  Prosthetic  valve  endocarditis  affects  1%  to  4%  of  valve  recipients  within  a  year  of  surgery.  It  is  divided  in  to  early  (60  days).  Early  disease  is  usually  nosocomial  involving  Staphylococcus  epidermis  and  almost  twice  the  mortality,  whereas  late  is  typically  community  acquired.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56275316
ER  -