RT Book, Section
A1 Mody, Ameer P.
A2 Cydulka, Rita K.
A2 Fitch, Michael T.
A2 Joing, Scott A.
A2 Wang, Vincent J.
A2 Cline, David M.
A2 Ma, O. John
SR Print(0)
ID 1143141564
T1 Pneumonia in Infants and Children
T2 Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 8e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071837026
LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1143141564
RD 2024/04/20
AB Pneumonia,  infection  of  the  lower  respiratory  tract,  is  one  of  the  leading  causes  of  pediatric  morbidity  and  mortality  throughout  the  world.  The  etiologic  agent,  clinical  presentation,  and  severity  of  illness  vary  greatly  based  on  the  age  of  the  child.  In  neonates  (age  0  to  30  days),  group  B  streptococci  and  other  gram-negative  enteric  bacteria  are  common  pathogens.  Pneumonia  caused  by  Chlamydia  trachomatis  has  largely  been  eliminated  in  developed  countries,  but  should  be  considered  when  the  mother  had  little  or  no  prenatal  care.  In  infants  and  toddlers  (1  month  to  2  years),  respiratory  syncytial  virus  (RSV),  influenza  virus,  parainfluenza  virus,  and  human  metapneumovirus  are  some  of  the  common  viral  pathogens.  Streptococcus  pneumoniae  and  Haemophilus  influenzae  are  the  most  common  bacterial  pathogens.  Pneumonia  in  children  aged  2  to  5  years  is  most  likely  caused  by  respiratory  viruses,  followed  by  S.  pneumoniae,  H.  influenzae,  and  Staphylococcus  aureus.  In  children  5  to  13  years  of  age,  Mycoplasma  pneumoniae  is  the  most  likely  etiology  of  community-acquired  pneumonia  followed  by  S.  pneumoniae  and  Chlamydophila  pneumoniae.  Adolescents  typically  follow  the  same  seasonal  and  epidemiologic  patterns  of  healthy  adults  with  community-acquired  pneumonia.