As with all valvular diseases, exertional dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom in patients with mitral stenosis, occurring approximately 80% of the time. A symptom relatively specific to patients with mitral stenosis is:
Hemoptysis.
+A pulsating tongue.
+Transient visual changes.
+Syncope.
+Headache.
Patients with hemodynamically significant mitral stenosis often complain of dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and hemoptysis, all of which result from left ventricular failure and pulmonary hypertension. Occasionally there is massive hemoptysis from rupture of pulmonary bronchial venous connections.