| Aeromonas species | Fish, reptiles | Nonspecific fever, severe crepitant cellulitis with systemic toxicity, gastroenteritis | — | See Chapter 159, “Food and Waterborne Illnesses,” in Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8th ed. |
| Brucella canis | Dogs | Nonspecific fever | Serologic testing, blood culture | Doxycycline plus gentamicin or rifampin. TMP-SMX plus gentamicin in children |
| Capnocytophaga | Dogs and cats | Fever, septic shock, and meningitis from infected bite | Culture of bite wound | |
| Chlamydophila psittaci | Birds | Fever, flu-like illness, pneumonia, endocarditis, sepsis | Serologic testing and sputum culture | Doxycycline. Azithromycin and levofloxacin are alternatives |
| Coxiella burnetii | Cattle, sheep, goats. Occasionally cats | Fever, pneumonia, hepatitis, meningitis, endocarditis | Serologic testing, PCR | Doxycycline, with the possible alternative of a fluoroquinolone or macrolide |
| Ehrlichia species | Ticks | Nonspecific fever, sepsis, meningitis, hepatitis | Clinical diagnosis, serologic testing, peripheral blood smear, immunocytologic testing, PCR | Doxycycline recommended for all patients (even children and pregnancy). Rifampin is alternative |
| Leptospira species | Birds, dogs, rodents | Fever, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy | Darkfield microscopic examination of body fluids, serologic testing | Penicillin G IV. Ceftriaxone IV alternative. Mild disease: oral doxycycline or amoxicillin or azithromycin |
| Francisella tularensis | Rabbits, cats, wild animals, biting insects | Fever, sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, rash | Serologic testing (poses hazards to laboratory staff) | IV aminoglycosides. Alternative: Doxycycline or ciprofloxacin |
| Rickettsia rickettsii | Ticks | Fever, diarrhea, or typical presentation of Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Clinical diagnosis, rise in antibody titer between acute and convalescent serum, skin biopsy | Doxycycline or chloramphenicol |
| Salmonella enterica | Dogs, cats (rarely), reptiles (turtles) | Fever, abdominal pain, sepsis, cellulitis, meningitis, endocarditis, septic arthritis | Blood or stool culture | Fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins |
| Streptococcus iniae cellulitis | Fish, seafood | Fever, cellulitis | Wound culture, blood culture | β-Lactams except aztreonam. Alternatives: Azithromycin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones |
| Yersinia pestis | Dogs, cats, rodents | Bubonic: fever, headache, buboes, or pneumonic: cough, chills, dyspnea, shock | Blood culture, culture of suspected sites | Doxycycline, fluoroquinolone, gentamicin, streptomycin, or chloramphenicol |