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Allergic contact dermatitis occurs after previously sensitized skin is rechallenged with the same allergen and represents a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Papules and vesicles first develop; they can become a generalized morbilliform eruption (autosensitization). Pruritus is a dominant feature. The most common causes are nickel, toxicodendrons (poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac), neomycin, fragrances, balsam of Peru (common in perfumes), formaldehyde, bacitracin, and rubber compounds.
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Management and Disposition
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Identification of the causative agent and prevention of further contact is critical. Supportive care is given with antihistamines and topical corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids may be needed for generalized eruptions. Refer patients to dermatology for further evaluation and possible patch testing.
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Obtaining a complete history of all exposures is critical; pay attention to personal hygiene products.
Toxicodendron allergic contact dermatitis (poison ivy, poison sumac, poison oak) requires a minimum 3-week taper of oral prednisone; a shorter course allows rash reappearance.