Contributors

Editors

David M. Cline, MD
Professor and Director of Departmental Research
Department of Emergency Medicine
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina

O. John Ma, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Emergency Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon

Rita K. Cydulka, MD, MS
Professor and Vice Chair
Department of Emergency Medicine
MetroHealth Medical Center
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio

Garth D. Meckler, MD, MSHS
Associate Professor
Assistant Section Chief and Fellowship Director
Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon

Daniel A. Handel, MD, MPH
Associate Professor
Department of Emergency Medicine
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon

Stephen H. Thomas, MD, MPH
George Kaiser Family Foundation Professor & Chair
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Contributors

Kathleen M. Adelgais, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado

D. Adam Algren, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri

Donald H. Arnold, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee

Aaron Barksdale, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri

Paul W. Beck, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Regional Medical Center, Waynesburg, Pennsylvania

Amy J. Behrman, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Burton Bentley II, MD, Attending Emergency Physician, Northwest Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona

Chad E. Branecki, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

Eric Brown, MD, Staff Physician, St. John Medical Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Boyd D. Burns, DO, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Residency Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oklahoma University School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Derya Caglar, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

J. Hayes Calvert, DO, Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina

Shaun D. Carstairs, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland

Mark X. Cicero, MD, Assistant Professor, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut

Ilene Claudius, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, LAC+USC, Los Angeles, California

David M. Cline, MD, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Director of Departmental Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Robert L. Cloutier, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Marc F. Collin, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

Rita Cydulka, MD, Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Nicole M. DeIorio, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Jeff Dixon, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Daniel J. Egan, MD, Associate Residency Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York

Todd Ellingson, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Scott Felten, MD, FACEP, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine – Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Ross J. Fleischman, MD, MCR, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Stephen B. Freedman, MDCM, MSc, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

L. Keith French, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Sarah Andrus Gaines, MD, Assistant Professor (Clinical), Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island

Boris Garber, DO, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

Medley O'Keefe Gatewood, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington

Joshua Gentges, DO, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Casey Glass, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Jonathan Glauser, MD, MBA, Associate Professor Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

Steven Go, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri

Jeffrey M. Goodloe, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

John E. Gough, MD, Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina

Matthew C. Gratton, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri

William K. Gray, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Geetika Gupta, MD, Clinical Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan/ St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Jason B. Hack, MD, Associate Professor, Director, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island

Jeffrey L. Hackman, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri

Daniel A. Handel, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Abigail D. Hankin, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

Matthew L. Hansen, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Josh Hargraves, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

N. Stuart Harris, MD, MFA, Associate Professor of Surgery, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Mark R. Hess, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Brian C. Hiestand MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Lance H. Hoffman, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

B. Zane Horowitz, MD, Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Jonathan S. Ilgen, MD, MCR, Acting Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Robert Jones, DO, Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Christopher Kabrhel, MD, MPH, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Michael P. Kefer, MD, Attending Emergency Physician, Lake Country Emergency Physicians, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Allyson A. Kreshak, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California

Sara Laskey, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

Katrina A. Leone, MD, Education Fellow and Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Michael Levine, MD, Attending physician, Department of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona

Deborah R. Liu, MD, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Emergency Medicine, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California

Jean C.Y. Lo, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California

Dave W. Lu, MD, MBE, Acting Instructor, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

Thomas W. Lukens, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

O. John Ma, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Jonathan Maisel, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

David E. Manthey, MD, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Anitha Mathew, Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

Rodney L. McCaskill, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, WakeMed, Raleigh, North Carolina

Henderson D. McGinnis, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina

Ann T. McIntosh, MD, Community Emergency Physician and Educator, Department of Emergency Medicine, Methodist Hospital, St. Louis Park, Minnesota

C. Crawford Mechem, MD, MS, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Garth D. Meckler, MD, MSHS, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Christopher Melton, MD, Residency Program Director, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas

Michael G. Mikhail, MD, Chief, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Chadwick D. Miller, MD, MS, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Alicia B. Minns, MD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California

Alix L. Mitchell, MD, Senior Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Case Western School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

Maya C. Myslenski, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio

Vincent Nacouzi, MD, Attending Emergency Physician, North Raleigh Medical Center, Raleigh, North Carolina

Milan D. Nadkarni, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina

Sandra L. Najarian, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio

John C. Nalagan, MD, Assistant Professor, Director of Medical Student Education, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Joshua Nogar, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California

Jeffrey G. Norvell, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas

James O'Neill, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Andrew D. Perron, MD, Professor & Residency Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine

Jeanmarie Perrone, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Eugenia B. Quackenbush, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Thomas A. Rebbecchi, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey

Timothy Reeder, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina

Howard Roemer, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Matthew J. Scholer, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Sachita P. Shah, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

Jessica L. Smith, MD, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, Associate Residency Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island

Mitchell C. Sokolosky, MD, Associate Professor and Residency Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

David M. Spiro, MD, MPH, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Marc D. Squillante, DO, Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine Residency Program Director, Department of Surgery/Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois

Charles Stewart, MD, MSc(DM), MPH, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Amy M. Stubbs, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri

Christine Sullivan, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri

Carolyn K. Synovitz, MD, MPH, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

James Kimo Takayesu, MD, MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Christian A. Tomaszewski, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, California

T. Paul Tran, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska

Adam Vella, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York

Robert J. Vissers, MD, Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

Michael C. Wadman, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska

Richard A. Walker, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

Jim Edward Weber, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Vicky Weidner, MD, Assistant Professor and Director of Simulation, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma, School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Sandra L. Werner, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Lori Whelan, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Mary A. Wittler, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Stacie Zelman, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Mark R. Zonfrillo, MD, MSCE, Assistant Professor, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania