Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe, life-threatening syndrome that can progress rapidly to multisystem dysfunction, severe electrolyte disturbances, renal failure and shock. Colonization or infection by Staphylococcus aureus has been implicated in the majority of cases. Although TSS was initially related to menstruating females, now the spectrum of patients at risk includes both genders and all ages. Risk factors for TSS includes recent menstruation, postpartum or postabortion status, cutaneous lesions such as burns, tattoos, piercings, varicella lesions or recent surgical sites, and intracavitary foreign objects such as nasal packing, intrauterine devices, and vaginal sponges.