| Opioid | Heroin Morphine Oxycodone | Central nervous system depression, miosis, respiratory depression | Hypothermia, bradycardia Death may result from respiratory arrest, acute lung injury | Ventilation or naloxone |
| Sympathomimetic | Cocaine Amphetamine | Psychomotor agitation, mydriasis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia | Seizures, rhabdomyolysis, myocardial infarction Death may result from seizures, cardiac arrest, hyperthermia | Cooling, sedation with benzodiazepines, hydration |
| Cholinergic | Organophosphate insecticides Carbamate insecticides | Muscarinic effects (salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, urination, defecation, bronchorrhea) Nicotinic effects (muscle fasciculations and weakness) | Bradycardia, miosis/mydriasis, seizures, respiratory failure, paralysis Death may result from respiratory arrest from paralysis, bronchorrhea, or seizures | Airway protection and ventilation, atropine, pralidoxime |
| Anticholinergic | Scopolamine Atropine | Altered mental status, mydriasis, dry flushed skin, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, hyperthermia, dry mucous membranes | Seizures, dysrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis Death may result from hyperthermia and dysrhythmias | Physostigmine (if appropriate), sedation with benzodiazepines, cooling, supportive management |
| Salicylates | Aspirin Oil of wintergreen | Altered mental status, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, tinnitus, hyperpnea, tachycardia, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting | Low-grade fever, ketonuria Death may result from acute lung injury or cerebral edema | Multidose activated charcoal, alkalinization of urine with potassium repletion, hemodialysis |
| Sedative-hypnotic | Barbiturates Benzodiazepines | Depressed level of consciousness, slurred speech, ataxia | Stupor to coma, depressed respirations, apnea, bradycardia | Ventilatory support |
| Hypoglycemic | Sulfonylureas Insulin | Altered mental status, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension | Paralysis, slurring of speech, bizarre behavior, seizures Death may result from seizures | Glucose-containing solution IV and oral feedings if possible, frequent glucose measurement, octreotide |
Hallucinogenic | Phencyclidine Lysergic acid diethylamide Psilocybin Mescaline | Hallucinations, dysphoria, anxiety | Hyperthermia, mydriasis, nausea, sympathomimetic symptoms | Generally supportive |
| Serotonin | SSRIs Meperidine A variety of drug interactions with dextromethorphan, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, other ... |