Ackee (Blighia sapida) | Hypoglycemia | Glucose |
Aloe (Aloe barbadensis) | Abdominal pain, diarrhea, red urine, nephritis | Supportive care |
Azalea (Rhododendron species) | Usually minor symptoms Severe intoxication: salivation, lacrimation, bradycardia, hypotension, progressive paralysis | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Atropine for symptomatic bradycardia Fluids or vasopressors for hypotension |
Cactus | Pain and irritation from embedded spines | Removal of spines Rubber cement peel |
Caladium species | Usually minor symptoms Severe intoxication: burning and irritation of oral mucosa, swelling, drooling, dysphagia, respiratory compromise | Ingest cold milk or ice cream for oral burning bradycardia Fluids or vasopressors for hypotension |
Colchicum (autumn crocus, meadow saffron, glory lily) | Delayed and severe gastroenteritis →severe multi-system organ failure | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Aggressive fluid resuscitation |
Dumbcane (Dieffenbachia amoena) | Usually minor symptoms Severe intoxication: burning and irritation of oral mucosa, swelling, drooling, dysphagia, respiratory compromise | Ingest cold milk or ice cream for oral burning Analgesics Consider steroids if severe symptoms |
Fava beans (Vicia faba) | In persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: GI upset, fever, headache, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, jaundice | Treatment varies depending on degree of hemolysis seen |
Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) | Anticholinergic symptoms: hallucinations, mydriasis, tachycardia, agitation, seizures, coma | Consider physostigmine in severe cases |
Jimsonweed (Datura species) | Anticholinergic symptoms: hallucinations, mydriasis, tachycardia, agitation, seizures, coma | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Consider whole-bowel irrigation Supportive care |
Lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis) | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, confusion, cardiac arrhythmias | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Monitoring of potassium level Antiarrhythmics Digoxin-specific Fab antibody for arrhythmias |
Monkshood (Aconitum species) | Bradycardia, heart block, torsades de pointes, ventricular fibrillation | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Supportive care |
Nettle (stinging nettle, bull nettle) (Urtica species) | Localized burning | Symptomatic care |
Nightshade, common or woody (Solanum species) | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain; With larger doses: delirium, hallucinations, coma | Supportive care |
Nightshade, deadly (Atropa belladonna) | Anticholinergic symptoms: hallucinations, mydriasis, tachycardia, agitation, seizures, coma | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Supportive care |
Peach, apricot, pear, crab apple, yam bean, and hydrangea (pits or seeds) | Acute cyanide toxicity if large amounts are ingested: diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Whole-bowel irrigation Cyanide antidote therapy |
Pepper (Capsicum species) | Irritation and pain on contact | Copious irrigation with water Milk or ice cream for oral irritation Analgesics |
Philodendron species | Usually minor symptoms Severe intoxication: burning and irritation of oral mucosa, swelling, drooling, dysphagia, respiratory compromise | Cold milk or ice cream for oral irritation Analgesics Consider steroids |
Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) | Mucosal irritation, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, profuse diarrhea Severe intoxication: coma, death | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Supportive care |
Potato, eggplant (raw) (Solanum species) | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain With larger doses: delirium, hallucinations, coma | Supportive care |
Pothos (devil's ivy, Epipremnum species) | Usually minor symptoms Severe intoxication: burning and irritation of oral mucosa, swelling, drooling, dysphagia, respiratory compromise | Cold milk or ice cream for oral irritation Analgesics Consider steroids |
Yellow sage (Lantana camara) | Dilated pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, coma | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Fluids |
Toxicodendron species (poison ivy, oak, and sumac) | Dermatitis | Skin protection Antipruritic and topical therapies Systemic steroids for facial, genital, or widespread involvement |
Holly (Ilex species) | Gastroenteritis Can be fatal if significant ingestion | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Supportive care |
Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) | Occasional local irritation | – |
American mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens) | Gastroenteritis | GI decontamination with activated charcoal Supportive care |
Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) | Toxicity has not been reported in humans | No treatment necessary |