| Anti-phospholipid syndrome | Multiple and recurrent venous and arterial thromboses, recurrent abortions. Secondary form is associated with SLE, RA, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren syndrome. Thrombophlebitis and DVT, pulmonary embolism, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, livedo reticularis, stroke, transient ischemic attack, eye vascular complications. Coronary, renal, mesenteric and stroke, ARDS. |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | Chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton, with progressive stiffness of the spine. Young adults (peak at 20 and 30 years). Back pain (improves with exercise), buttock, hip, or shoulder pain, systemic complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, myalgias), uveitis, restrictive pulmonary failure due to costovertebral rigidity, renal impairment, fracture of the ankylosed spine, acute spinal cord compression. |
| Adult still disease | Inflammatory disorder. Systemic complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, myalgia), arthritis, myalgia, evanescent rash, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia. Pericarditis, myocarditis, pleurisy, ARDS, arrhythmias, heart and liver failure. |
| Behçet disease | Chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disease. Systemic vasculitis involving arteries and veins of all sizes (carotid, pulmonary, aortic, and inferior extremities vessels are most commonly involved, with aneurysm, dissection, rupture, or thrombosis). Systemic complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, myalgia), recurrent painful skin and mucosal lesions; asymmetric, nondeforming arthritis of the medium and large joints; thrombophlebitis and DVT; ocular complications. Neuropsychiatric manifestations. Pericarditis, myocarditis, bowel perforation. |
| Churg-Strauss syndrome | Vasculitis with a multisystemic involvement. Systemic complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, myalgia), allergic rhinitis, recurrent sinusitis, asthma, and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Systemic hypertension, pericarditis, abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy; skin lesions, AMI, bowel perforation. |
| Dermatomyositis/polymyositis | Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Muscle weakness, myalgia and muscle tenderness. Elevated serum CK. Systemic complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, myalgia), Raynaud phenomenon, nonerosive inflammatory polyarthritis, esophageal dysfunction, respiratory failure, aspiration lung infections, conduction disturbances. |
| Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis) | Chronic vasculitis of large and medium sized vessels. Elderly (mean age at diagnosis: 70 years). Localized headache of new onset, tenderness of the temporal artery, and biopsy revealing a necrotizing arteritis. Temporal artery may be normal on clinical examination. Gradual onset, systemic complaints, jaw or tongue claudication, eye complaints and visual loss. Aortic regurgitation and aortic arch syndrome. Neurologic complications due to carotid and vertebrobasilar vasculitis. |
| Henoch-Schönlein purpura | Systemic vasculitis associated with IgA deposition, generally in children. Palpable purpura (in patients with neither thrombocytopenia nor coagulopathy), arthritis/arthralgia, abdominal pain, GI bleeding, and renal impairment (adult). |
| Microscopic polyangiitis | Small-vessel systemic vasculitis, characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary involvement. Lung complications differentiate microscopic polyangiitis from polyarteritis nodosa. Systemic complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, myalgia), arthralgias, skin lesions, hemoptysis, abdominal pain, renal impairment, systemic hypertension. |
| Polyarteritis nodosa | Systemic necrotizing vasculitis of the medium-sized muscular arteries. Systemic complaints (fever, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, myalgia), arthralgias, skin lesions, ... |