Editors
Gary R. Strange, MD, FACEP
Chairman, Department of Emergency
Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
William R. Ahrens, MD, FAAP, FACEP
Associate Professor, Clinical Emergency Medicine
University of Illinois
at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Robert W.
Schafermeyer, MD, FACEP, FAAP
Chief and Associate Chair, Department
of Emergency Medicine
Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North
Carolina
Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics
University of North Carolina School of Medicine
Chapel Hill, North
Carolina
Robert A. Wiebe, MD, FAAP, FACEP
Clinical Professor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Heather M. Prendergast, MD, MPH, FACEP
Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine
Department of Emergency
Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Valerie A. Dobiesz, MD, MPH, FACEP
Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine and Education Director
Department of Emergency Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois
Contributors
Eiman Abdulrahman, MD, MPH
Fellow, Department of Pediatrics,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Thomas J.
Abramo, MD, FAAP, FACEP
Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency
Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency
Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
William R. Ahrens, MD, FAAP, FACEP
Associate Professor, Clinical Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Steven E. Aks, DO
Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, John H.
Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
Joyce C. Arpilleda, MD, FAAP
Associate
Clinical Professor, Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, University
of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
Shireen M. Atabaki, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
and Emergency Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Childrens National
Medical Center and the George Washington University School of Medicine,
Washington, District of Columbia
Isabel A.
Barata, MS, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, New York University
School of Medicine, New York, New York
Joilo
Barbosa, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia
Roger M. Barkin, MD, MPH
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health
Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
Amy L.
Baxter, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine,
Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
Eric
Beck, DO, EMT-P
EMS Physician Instructor, Section of Emergency
Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Sara L. Beers, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department
of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
Lee S. Benjamin, MD, FACEP, FAAP
Assistant
Professor, Surgery and Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine,
Durham, North Carolina
Ira J. Blumen, MD
Professor, Department of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Kathleen M.
Brown, MD
Associate Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine,
George Washington University Scholl of Medicine, Washington, District of
Columbia
Sean M. Bryant, MD
Assistant
Professor, Emergency Medicine, Rush Medical College; Cook County Hospital
(Stroger), Chicago, Illinois
E. Bradshaw
Bunney, MD
Residency Director, Department of Emergency Medicine,
University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Anthony
M. Burda, RPh, DABAT
Illinois Poison Center, Chicago, Illinois
Richard M. Cantor, MD, FAAP/FACEP
Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Upstate Medical
University, Syracuse, New York
Greg Canty, MD
Medical Director, Sports Medicine & Attending Physician, Emergency
Medicine, Dual Appointment, Orthopedics & Emergency Medicine, Children's
Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
Andrea G. Carlson, MD
Director of Toxicology, Department of
Emergency Medicine, Advocate Christ Hospital and Medical Center, Oak Lawn,
Illinois
Michael R. Christian, MD
Medical Toxicology Fellow, Section of Toxicology, Toxikon Consortium, Cook
County Hospital (Stroger), Chicago, Illinois
Joanna
Cohen, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine,
Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
Stephen A. Colucciello, MD
Professor,
Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
Anthony Cooley, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, Georgia
Mary Ann Cooper, MD
Professor Emerita, Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
Matthew Cox, MD
Associate Professor, Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
School, Dallas, Texas
Jamie N. Deis, MD
Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest University Baptist
Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Valerie
A. Dobiesz, MD, MPH, FACEP
Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine
and Education Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Paul J.
Eakin, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
Timothy B. Erickson, MD, FACEP, FAACT, FACMT
Professor, Dept of Emergency Medicine; Division of Medical Toxicology,
University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Cristina
M. Estrada, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee
Neil Evans,
MD, FAAP
Attending Physician, Emergency Department, Cook Children's
Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas
Philip H. Ewing,
MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Robert
A. Felter, MD
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Pediatrics,
Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
Sing-Yi Feng, MD
Assistant Professor,
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at
Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Jenice Forde-Baker, MD
Attending Physician, Emergency Department, Our Lady of Lourdes Medical
Center, Camden, New Jersey
Arthur L. Frank, MD
Associate Professor, Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
Illinois
Susan Fuchs, MD
Professor,
Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago,
Illinois
Nicholas Furtado, MD
Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of
Illinois, Chicago
Gregory Garra, DO
Associate Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Residency Program
Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical
Center, Stony Brook, New York
Michael Gerardi,
MD, FAAP, FACEP
Director of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Goryeb
Children's Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine, Morristown Medical
Center, Morristown, New Jersey, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine,
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
Collin S. Goto, MD
Associate Professor, Pediatrics, The
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Leon Gussow, MD
Lecturer, Department of
Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Jim R. Harley, MD, MPH
Professor, Pediatrics,
UCSD, San Diego, California
Howard Hast, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Rush University
Medical School, Chicago, Illinois
Karen C.
Hayani, MD
Associate Professor, Pediatrics, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Scott A.
Heinrich, MD
Attending Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine,
Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
George E. Hoganson, MD
Associate Professor, Pediatrics,
University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Timothy
Horeczko, MD
Clinical Instructor, David Geffen School of Medicine
at UCLA, Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance,
California
Craig J. Huang, MD, FAAP, FACEP
Associate Professor, Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas
Thomas L. Hurt,
MD
Associate Clinical Professor, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington
Alson Inaba,
MD, FAAP
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of
Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu,
Hawaii
Sabah F. Iqbal, MD
Associate
Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical
Center, Washington, District of Columbia
Shabnam
Jain, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia
Alan Johnson, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of
California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
Jeremiah J. Johnson, MD
Staff Physician,
Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas
Madeline Matar Joseph, MD, FACEP, FAAP
Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine
Department, University of Florida Health Science Center-Jacksonville,
Jacksonville, Florida
Ejaaz A. Kalimullah, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University
of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Erica
Katz, MD
Clinical Assistant Instructor, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
Susan A. Kecskes, MD
Clinical Associate
Professor, Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Renee King, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor,
Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora,
Colorado
Bruce L. Klein, MD
Associate
Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, George Washington University
School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
Katherine M. Konzen, MD, MPH
Clinical Professor, Pediatrics,
University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California
Arthur Kubic, PharmD, CSPI
Illinois Poison
Center, Chicago, Illinois
Ashley Kumar, MD
Attending Physician, Emergency Department, Dell Children's Hospital, Austin,
Texas
Patricia Shields Lee, MD
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University
of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Jerrold
Leikin, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Steven Lelyveld, MD, FACEP, FAAP
Associate
Professor, Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Chicago Pritzker School of
Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Jeffrey R.
Leonard, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Neurological,
Surgery and Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
Julie C. Leonard, MD, MPH
Assistant
Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis
School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Janet
Lin, MD, MPH
Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Jenny
J. Lu, MD, MS
Assistant Professor, Division of Toxicology, Dept. of
Emergency Medicine, Cook County Hospital (Stroger), Chicago, Illinois
Wendy Ann Lucid, MD
Director and Section
Chief, Pediatric Emergency Services, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center,
Phoenix, Arizona
Sharon Mace, MD, FACEP, FAAP
Professor, Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Mark
Mackey, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine,
University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Emily
C. MacNeill, MD
Clinical Faculty, Department of Emergency Medicine,
Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
John F. Marcinak, MD
Associate Medical Director,
Pharmacovigilance, TGRD (US), Deerfield, Illinois
Armando Márquez, MD
Assisstant Professor, Emergency
Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois
Jonathan Marr, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor, University of Hawaii John A Burns School of Medicine,
Honolulu, Hawaii
Julie Martino, MD
Attending Physician, Emergency Medicine, Illinois Masonic Medical Center,
Chicago, Illinois
Wendy C. Matsuno, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School
of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
Joan M.
Mavrinac, MD, MPH
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of
Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Audra L. McCreight, MD, FAAP
Assistant
Professor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Valerie
McDougall Kestner, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Children's
Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
Daniel
McManus, MD
Clinical Assistant Instructor, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
Kemedy K. McQuillen, MD
Attending
Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Maine Medical Center,
Lewiston, Maine
Carla Minutti, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
Catherine P. Moore, MD, PhD, FAAP
Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Donna M. Moro-Sutherland, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of
Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
Allan R. Mottram, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Mark B. Mycyk,
MD
Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine, Boston University
School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Karen
O'Connell, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics
and Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine
and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
Pamela J. Okada, MD
Associate Professor,
Pediatrics, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern
Medical School, Dallas, Texas
Lauren P.
Ortega, MD
Pediatric Hospitalist, Pediatrics, Medical City
Hospital, Dallas, Texas
Raemma Paredes Luck,
MD, MBA
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Emergency
Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
(d. 2010)
Dinesh K. Pillai, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Pulmonary Medicine, and Integrative Systems
Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
Heather
M. Prendergast, MD, MPH, FACEP
Assistant Professor, Department of
Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Kimberly S. Quayle, MD
Associate Professor,
Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Lisa Rapoport, MD, MS
Associate Physician,
Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, Santa
Clara, California
Kavitha P. Reddy, MD, FACEP
Faculty Attending Physician, Emergency Department, Jesse Brown VA, Chicago,
Illinois
James Rhee, MD
Assistant
Professor, Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
Adriana M. Rodriguez, MD
Faculty,
Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Texas,
Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
Alfred Sacchetti,
MD, FACEP
Chief Emergency Services, Emergency Medicine, Our Lady of
Lourdes Medical Center, Camden, New Jersey
Robert
W. Schafermeyer, MD, FACEP, FAAP
Chief and Associate Chair,
Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North
Carolina, Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics,
University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Susan M. Scott, MD, FAAP
Associate
Professor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Malee
V. Shah, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine - Monroe Carell Jr. Children's
Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
Ghazala Q.
Sharieff, MD
Division Director/Clinical Professor, Pediatrics, Rady
Children's Hospital/University of California, San Diego
Maeve Sheehan, MD, FAAP
Associate Professor,
Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Jeanne S. Sheffield, MD
Associate
Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Maternal-Fetal
Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Jonathan Singer, MD
Professor of Emergency
Medicine and Pediatrics, Boonshaft SOM, Wright State University, Dayton,
Ohio
Anjali Singh, MD, MPH
Assistant
Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency
Medicine, Kings County Hospital/SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New
York
Maria Stephan, MD
Associate
Professor, Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College
of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
Gary R.
Strange, MD, FACEP
Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine,
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Eustacia (Jo) Su, MD
Staff Physician, Emergency Medicine,
Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
D.
Matthew Sullivan, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Emergency
Medicine, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina
Todd Brian Taylor, MD, FACEP, EMTALA
Compliance Consultant, Veteran Emergency Physician, Phoenix, Arizona
Trevonne M. Thompson, MD, FACEP
Assistant
Professor, Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois
William C. Toepper, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center,
Portland, Oregon
Theodore Toerne, MD
Department of Emergency Medicine, Advocate Christ Hospital, Oak Lawn,
Illinois
David A. Townes, MD
Associate Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of
Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
William T. Tsai, MD
Attending Physician, Pediatrics, Critical
Care Medicine, Levine Children's Hospital at Carolinas Medical Center,
Charlotte, North Carolina
Janis P. Tupesis,
MD, FACEP
Associate Professor, Medicine, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin
Mercedes Uribe, MD, FAAP
Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of
Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Matthew Valento, MD
Fellow, Emergency Medicine, Stroger-Cook
County Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Michael S.
Wahl, MD
Clinical Instructor, Emergency Medicine, University of
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Ron D. Waldrop, MD,
FAAP, FACEP, FACPE
Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of
Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington District of Columbia
Evan J. Weiner, MD, FAAP, FACEP, FAAEM
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Drexel University
College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jonathan E. Wickiser, MD
Assistant Professor, Pediatrics,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Robert A. Wiebe, MD, FAAP, FACEP
Clinical
Professor, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
John
W. Williams, MD
Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of
Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
Linnea Wittick, MD
Pediatrics, University of
New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Loren
G. Yamamoto, MD, MPH, MBA, FAAP, FACEP
Professor, Pediatrics,
University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
Joanna York, MD
Pediatric Emergency
Department, Mid-Atlantic Emergency Medicine Physicians, Charlotte, North
Carolina
Kelly D. Young, MD, MS
Health Sciences Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of
Medicine at UCLA Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical
Center, Torrance, California
Lynette L. Young,
MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
Michele Zell-Kanter, PharmD, ABAT
Clinical
Assistant Professor of Medical Toxicology, Emergency Medicine, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Andrew
Zinkel, MD
Assistant Professor, Emergency Medicine, University of
Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota