Available models of manually inserted IO devices include the hand-driven threaded-needle SurFast and Cook Intraosseous needle (Cook Critical Care, Bloomington, IN), the Jamshidi bone marrow needle (Baxter Healthcare, Valencia, CA), and the MedSurg Industries Illinois sternal/iliac aspiration needle (MedSurg Industries, Rockville, MD). The typical unit consists of a detachable handle, an IO needle, an obturator, and a sleeve to prevent the needle from penetrating too deeply. The IO needle ranges in size from 12 to 20 gauge. The IO needles available today are variations of the basic unit and include adjustable-length shafts to decrease the risk of penetrating too deeply, a variety of tips on the obturator (e.g., lancet, pencil point, and trocar), threaded versus nonthreaded shafts, needle side ports to increase flow rates, numerous lengths, and numerous handle types.