TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Tuberculosis A1 - Behrman, Amy J. A2 - Cydulka, Rita K. A2 - Fitch, Michael T. A2 - Joing, Scott A. A2 - Wang, Vincent J. A2 - Cline, David M. A2 - Ma, O. John PY - 2017 T2 - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 8e AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is the second most common cause of infectious disease deaths globally, with one-third of the world's population infected. Although active TB infection rates continue to decline in the United States, TB remains an important public health problem, particularly among immigrants whose active TB case rate is 12 times higher than the US-born population. Other risk factors include HIV infection; living or working in prison, shelters, and long-term care facilities; and alcohol/drug abuse. Transmission occurs by inhalation of droplet nuclei and may lead to active primary infection or latent disease (which may reactivate later). Identifying and treating high-risk patients for active and latent TB is key to ongoing TB control. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/09 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1143140348 ER -