TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Evaluation and Management of the Multiple Trauma Patient A1 - Suessman, Anna A1 - Endom, Erin E. A2 - Tenenbein, Milton A2 - Macias, Charles G. A2 - Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 - Yamamoto, Loren G. A2 - Schafermeyer, Robert PY - 2019 T2 - Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 5e AB - Injury is the leading cause of death of children in the United States.Orotracheal intubation is the most reliable means of securing an airway.Hypovolemic shock is caused by blood loss, which makes up 8% to 9% of the body weight of a child. Determining the extent of volume depletion and shock requires evaluation of multiple parameters.Attempt vascular access en route.Intraosseous (IO) access should be obtained for immediate fluid resuscitation if attempts at intravenous (IV) cannulation are unsuccessful after 3 attempts or within 90 seconds.For shock, give a rapid initial infusion of 20 mL/kg of crystalloid solution.Unique characteristics of the pediatric cervical spine (C-spine) predispose it to ligamentous disruption and dislocation injuries without radiographic evidence of bone injury.Radiographs to be obtained as soon as possible in the setting of major blunt trauma include lateral cervical spine, antero-posterior (AP) chest, and AP pelvis views. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/04 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155168466 ER -