TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Cold Injuries
A1  - Paddock, Michael T.
A2  - Tintinalli, Judith E.
A2  - Ma, O. John
A2  - Yealy, Donald M.
A2  - Meckler, Garth D.
A2  - Stapczynski, J. Stephan
A2  - Cline, David M.
A2  - Thomas, Stephen H.
PY  - 2020
T2  - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 9e
AB  - The  occurrence  of  cold-related  injuries  depends  on  the  degree  of  cold  exposure,  as  well  as  environmental  and  individual  factors.  Frostbite  is  the  prototypical  freezing  injury  and  is  seen  when  ambient  temperatures  are  well  below  freezing.  Nonfreezing  cold  injuries  occur  as  a  result  of  exposure  to  wet  conditions  when  temperatures  are  above  freezing.  The  most  common  nonfreezing  cold  injuries  are  trench  foot  and  chilblains.  Although  frostbite  is  likely  to  result  in  permanent  tissue  damage,  nonfreezing  cold  injuries  are  characterized  by  usually  mild  but  uncomfortable  inflammatory  lesions  of  the  skin.  This  chapter  describes  the  occurrence,  risk  factors,  and  treatment  of  the  nonfreezing  cold  injuries—trench  foot  and  immersion  foot,  chilblains  or  pernio,  panniculitis,  and  cold  urticaria—and  freezing  injury—frostbite.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1166810496
ER  -