TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Afferent Pupillary Defect
A1  - Singh, Manpreet
A1  - Whitfield, Denise
A2  - Knoop, Kevin J.
A2  - Stack, Lawrence B.
A2  - Storrow, Alan B.
A2  - Thurman, R. Jason
PY  - 2021
T2  - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e
AB  - Pupil  size  is  controlled  in  the  midbrain,  from  which  efferent  nerves  travel  to  both  pupils,  resulting  in  symmetric  pupils,  even  with  a  unilateral  light  stimulus.  The  perception  of  the  light  stimulus,  however,  may  be  decreased  by  disease  within  anterior  visual  structures  such  as  the  retina,  optic  nerve,  chiasm,  optic  tract,  and  midbrain  pathways.  With  diminished  afferent  stimulation,  less  light  is  “perceived,”  and  pupil  contraction  diminishes  (ie,  dilates)  as  a  result.  In  this  situation,  the  affected  side  is  said  to  demonstrate  an  afferent  pupillary  defect  (APD).  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181038452
ER  -