TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 32. Spontaneous and Iatrogenic Pneumothorax A1 - McCaskill, Rodney L. A2 - Cline, David M. A2 - Ma, O. John A2 - Cydulka, Rita K. A2 - Meckler, Garth D. A2 - Handel, Daniel A. A2 - Thomas, Stephen H. PY - 2012 T2 - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 7e AB - Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura, leading to partial lung collapse. Smoking is the most common risk factor for spontaneous pneumothorax, which most likely results from subpleural bulla rupture. Primary pneumothorax occurs in patients without known lung disease and secondary pneumothorax occurs most often in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but other underlying diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, cancer, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have been implicated. Iatrogenic pneumothorax occurs secondary to invasive procedures such as needle biopsy of the lung, placement of a subclavian line, nasogastric tube placement, or positive pressure ventilation. Tension pneumothorax results from positive pressure in the pleural space leading to decreased venous return, hypotension, and hypoxia. Hemopneumothorax occurs in 2% to 7% of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56272593 ER -