TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Oncologic Emergencies A1 - McCreight, Audra L. A1 - Wickiser, Jonathan E. A2 - Schafermeyer, Robert A2 - Tenenbein, Milton A2 - Macias, Charles G. A2 - Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 - Yamamoto, Loren G. PY - 2014 T2 - Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 4e AB - Acute leukemia is the most common malignancy in childhood and may present with a variety of symptoms including fever, fatigue, bleeding, adenopathy, or bone pain.Most oncologic emergencies arise from metabolic, hematologic, structural, or toxic chemotherapy effects.Findings associated with inflammation may be absent in the neutropenic patient, with fever the only sign of serious infection.Infection may progress rapidly in the neutropenic host; evaluation and initiation of antibiotic therapy must be done urgently.Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) results from the death of tumor cells and release of their intracellular contents leading to hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia.Mediastinal compression from the tumors may result in superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) or superior mediastinal syndrome (SMS), resulting in an airway emergency. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/05 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105686135 ER -