TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
A1  - Ziebell, Christopher M.
A1  - Kitlowski, Andy
A1  - Welch, Janna M.
A1  - Friesen, Phillip A.
A2  - Tintinalli, Judith E.
A2  - Stapczynski, J. Stephan
A2  - Ma, O. John
A2  - Yealy, Donald M.
A2  - Meckler, Garth D.
A2  - Cline, David M.
Y1  - 2016
N1  - 
T2  - Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e
AB  - Upper  GI  (UGI)  bleeding  is  any  GI  bleeding  originating  proximal  to  the  ligament  of  Treitz.  The  overall  annual  incidence  of  UGI  bleeding  ranges  from  39  to  172  per  100,000  in  Western  countries.1,2,3  Difference  in  prevalence  between  countries  is  attributed  to  variations  in  Helicobacter  pylori  rates,  socioeconomic  conditions,  and  prescription  patterns  of  ulcer-healing  and  ulcer-promoting  medications.2  Increasing  age,  coexistent  organ  system  disease,  and  recurrent  hemorrhage  are  factors  associated  with  increased  morbidity  and  mortality.3  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1132929551
ER  -