TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pneumonia in Infants and Children A1 - Mody, Ameer P. A2 - Cydulka, Rita K. A2 - Fitch, Michael T. A2 - Joing, Scott A. A2 - Wang, Vincent J. A2 - Cline, David M. A2 - Ma, O. John Y1 - 2017 N1 - T2 - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 8e AB - Pneumonia, infection of the lower respiratory tract, is one of the leading causes of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The etiologic agent, clinical presentation, and severity of illness vary greatly based on the age of the child. In neonates (age 0 to 30 days), group B streptococci and other gram-negative enteric bacteria are common pathogens. Pneumonia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis has largely been eliminated in developed countries, but should be considered when the mother had little or no prenatal care. In infants and toddlers (1 month to 2 years), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus are some of the common viral pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are the most common bacterial pathogens. Pneumonia in children aged 2 to 5 years is most likely caused by respiratory viruses, followed by S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. In children 5 to 13 years of age, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most likely etiology of community-acquired pneumonia followed by S. pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Adolescents typically follow the same seasonal and epidemiologic patterns of healthy adults with community-acquired pneumonia. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1143141564 ER -