TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Snake Envenomations A1 - Chhabra, Neeraj A1 - Lank, Patrick M. A1 - Erickson, Timothy B. A2 - Tenenbein, Milton A2 - Macias, Charles G. A2 - Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 - Yamamoto, Loren G. A2 - Schafermeyer, Robert Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 5e AB - Pit vipers (Crotalids) account for the majority of snake envenomations in pediatric patients. Because of their small body weight, young children are relatively more vulnerable to severe envenomation.Pit viper (Crotalinae) envenomations result in hematotoxicity while coral snakes (Elapidae) cause neurotoxicity.Crotaline snakes are responsible for the vast majority of snake envenomations in the United States. Identification of exact species is not essential since treatment is similar for all indigenous American pit vipers.Prehospital management of snakebites includes immobilization of the bitten extremity, minimization of physical activity, and fluid administration. No “first aid” technique has been demonstrated to improve outcome after envenomation. Rapid transport for administration of antivenom is the most important intervention in prehospital care.Antivenom, such as Crotaline Fab antivenom, consisting of highly purified papain-digested antibodies, is the current standard of care for treatment of crotaline snake envenomation.Antivenom dosing in pediatric patients is based on potential venom load, not kilogram size of the patient. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155749475 ER -