TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Antivenom for North American Venomous Snakes (Crotaline and Elapid) A1 - Pizon, Anthony F. A1 - Ruha, Anne-Michelle A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e AB - In addition to supportive care, antivenom provides definitive management of North American venomous snakebites. In the past, numerous treatments were advocated to prevent systemic absorption or to neutralize venom. These therapies included tourniquets, incision and suction, venom extractors, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy. All of these treatment modalities are either ineffective, delay time to definitive care, or harmful. The focus of treatment for the snakebite victim is a careful assessment, supportive care, evaluating for signs of envenomation, and ultimately, determining the need for antivenom. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163003733 ER -