TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pharmaceutical Additives A1 - Nordt, Sean P. A1 - Vivero, Lisa E. A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e AB - During the last century there were several outbreaks of toxicity in the United States associated with pharmaceutical additives (Chap. 2). The 1937 Massengill sulfanilamide disaster is the most notorious of these epidemics. Diethylene glycol, an excellent solvent and potent nephrotoxin, was substituted for the additives propylene glycol and glycerin in the liquid formulation of a new sulfanilamide antibiotic because of lower cost.27,64,73 As a result, more than 100 people died from acute kidney failure.27 Outbreaks of acute kidney failure occurred when diethylene glycol was used to solubilize acetaminophen in South Africa, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and Haiti, cough syrup in Panama, and teething powder in Nigera.22,30,75,87,133,143 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163011647 ER -