TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Antipsychotics A1 - N. Juurlink, David A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. Y1 - 2019 N1 - T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e AB - The development of antipsychotic drugs dramatically altered the practice of psychiatry and eventually, medical care in general. Before the introduction of chlorpromazine in 1950, patients with schizophrenia were treated with nonspecific sedatives such as barbiturates or chloral hydrate. Agitated patients were housed in large “mental institutions” and often placed in physical restraints, and thousands underwent surgical disruption of the connections between the frontal cortices and other areas of the brain (leucotomy). By 1955, approximately 500,000 patients with mental health disorders were institutionalized in the United States. The advent of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s revolutionized the care of these patients. These drugs, originally termed major tranquilizers and subsequently neuroleptics, dramatically reduced the characteristic hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders and paranoia—the “positive” symptoms of schizophrenia. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/02 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163014148 ER -