TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Hydrofluoric Acid and Fluorides
A1  - Su, Mark K.
A2  - Nelson, Lewis S.
A2  - Howland, Mary Ann
A2  - Lewin, Neal A.
A2  - Smith, Silas W.
A2  - Goldfrank, Lewis R.
A2  - Hoffman, Robert S.
Y1  - 2019
N1  - 
T2  - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e
AB  - Hydrofluoric  acid  has  been  known  for  centuries  for  its  ability  to  dissolve  silica.  The  Nuremberg  artist  Schwanhard  is  given  credit  for  the  first  attempt  in  1670  to  use  HF  vapors  to  etch  glass.47  Today,  hydrofluoric  acid  (HF)  is  widely  used  throughout  industry.  In  addition  to  glass  etching,  HF  is  used  in  brick  cleaning,  etching  microchips  in  the  semiconductor  industry,  electroplating,  leather  tanning,  rust  removal,  and  the  cleaning  of  porcelain.47  From  2011  to  2015,  the  American  Association  of  Poison  Control  Centers  (AAPCC)  reported  2,761  single-substance  exposures  to  HF  and  6  deaths  (Chap.  130).  The  hands  are  the  commonest  part  of  the  body  injured.  Exposures  to  HF  often  occur  as  unintentional  occupational  hazards.  The  actual  number  of  work-related  poisonings  from  HF  appears  difficult  to  quantitate  because  of  limitations  in  International  Classification  of  Diseases  (ICD)  medical  coding  and  the  lack  of  notification  of  regional  poison  control  centers  by  worksites.10  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/17
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163014818
ER  -