TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia A1 - Byars, Donald V. A1 - Martel, Marc L. A1 - Noble, Mark A2 - Ma, O. John A2 - Mateer, James R. A2 - Reardon, Robert F. A2 - Byars, Donald V. A2 - Knapp, Barry J. A2 - Laudenbach, Andrew P. Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Ma and Mateer's Emergency Ultrasound, 4e AB - Regional nerve and plexus blocks have been integral to the practice of anesthesiology for over 60 years and are commonly used for hand, arm, hip, knee, and foot surgery. Initially, training in regional anesthesia relied on identification of anatomic landmarks and the perception of various clicks and pops as fascial planes were traversed by a blunt-tipped needle. Several decades later, nerve stimulators were incorporated into the block procedure to assist with more precise placement of the anesthetic delivery needle as close to the target nerve or nerve plexus as possible. The success of these regional anesthetic blocks was highly operator dependent, however, and even with the use of a nerve stimulator in skilled hands, block failure rates of 10–30% were not uncommon, depending on the site of the block.1,2 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175881348 ER -