TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Oral Frenulum Tear
A1  - Shah, Ashish
A1  - Sobolewski, Brad
A1  - Mittiga, Matthew R.
A2  - Knoop, Kevin J.
A2  - Stack, Lawrence B.
A2  - Storrow, Alan B.
A2  - Thurman, R. Jason
Y1  - 2021
N1  - 
T2  - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e
AB  - A  frenulum  is  a  mucosal  fold  that  connects  to  mobile  tissue  and  secures  it  in  place.  The  oral  frenula  include  the  frenulum  linguae  (connects  underside  of  the  tongue  to  base  on  mouth),  frenulum  labii  superioris  (connects  upper  lip  to  the  gingiva),  and  the  frenulum  labii  inferioris  (connects  upper  lip  to  the  gingiva).  Tearing  of  the  frenula  can  be  caused  by  direct  trauma  to  the  area.  Like  most  oral  injures,  there  can  be  a  significant  amount  of  bleeding,  but  it  generally  stops  spontaneously  or  with  direct  pressure.  Frenulum  tears  can  be  a  result  of  but  are  not  pathognomonic  for  nonaccidental  trauma.  Mechanisms  of  injury  include  forceful  feeding  (“bottle  jamming”)  or  pacifier  insertion,  gripping  or  stretching  lip,  or  direct  blow.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181044706
ER  -