TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Infective Endocarditis
A1  - Hardin, J. Matthew
A2  - Knoop, Kevin J.
A2  - Stack, Lawrence B.
A2  - Storrow, Alan B.
A2  - Thurman, R. Jason
Y1  - 2021
N1  - 
T2  - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e
AB  - Infective  endocarditis  (IE)  is  characterized  by  infection  of  the  endocardium  (including  the  valves,  mural  endocardium,  or  septal  defect)  manifested  by  many  cutaneous  findings.  Causes  are  diverse  and  can  be  broadly  categorized  as  (1)  acute  and  subacute  native  valve  IE,  (2)  early  and  late  prosthetic  valve  IE,  (3)  intravenous  (IV)  drug  abuse  IE,  and  (4)  iatrogenic  IE.  The  latter  is  associated  with  recent  hospital  admission  or  a  procedure  causing  bacteremia  or  endocardial  damage.  Staphylococcus  aureus  is  the  most  common  causative  organism,  but  many  other  bacteria  and  fungi  are  implicated.  Janeway  lesions  (septic  emboli  forming  microabscesses)  are  nontender,  small,  erythematous  (occasionally  with  central  hemorrhage)  macules  on  the  palms  or  soles.  Osler  nodes  (immune  complex  deposition  resulting  in  small-vessel  vasculitis)  consist  of  transient,  tender,  purplish  nodules  on  the  pulp  of  the  fingers  and  toes.  Subungual  splinter  hemorrhages  are  black,  linear  discolorations  beneath  the  conjunctiva  and  nail  plate.  Murmurs,  retinal  hemorrhages,  septic  arthritis,  and  significant  embolic  episodes  such  as  pulmonary  embolism  or  cerebral  vascular  embolism  may  also  be  present.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181043818
ER  -