TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 39. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
A1  - Sokolosky, Mitchell C.
A2  - Cline, David M.
A2  - Ma, O. John
A2  - Cydulka, Rita K.
A2  - Meckler, Garth D.
A2  - Handel, Daniel A.
A2  - Thomas, Stephen H.
Y1  - 2012
N1  - 
T2  - Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 7e
AB  - Gastrointestinal  (GI)  bleeding  is  a  common  problem  in  emergency  medicine  and  should  be  considered  life  threatening  until  proven  otherwise.  Acute  upper  GI  bleeding  is  more  common  than  lower  GI  bleeding.  Upper  GI  bleeding  is  defined  as  that  originating  proximal  to  the  ligament  of  Treitz.  Upper  GI  bleeds  can  result  from  peptic  ulcer  disease,  erosive  gastritis  and  esophagitis,  esophageal  and  gastric  varices,  and  Mallory-Weiss  syndrome.  Lower  GI  bleeds  result  from  diverticular  disease,  followed  by  colitis,  adenomatous  polyps,  and  malignancies.  Less  common  causes  include  vascular  ectasia  (AV  malformation  and  angiodysplasia),  Meckel  diverticulum,  inflammatory  bowel  disease,  and  trauma.  What  may  initially  appear  to  be  lower  GI  bleeding  may  be  upper  GI  bleeding  in  disguise.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56272827
ER  -