TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Hydrofluoric Acid and Fluorides
A1  - Su, Mark
A2  - Hoffman, Robert S.
A2  - Howland, Mary Ann
A2  - Lewin, Neal A.
A2  - Nelson, Lewis S.
A2  - Goldfrank, Lewis R.
Y1  - 2015
N1  - 
T2  - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e
AB  - Hydrofluoric  acid  (HF)  has  been  known  for  centuries  for  its  ability  to  dissolve  silica.  The  Nuremberg  artist  Schwanhard  is  given  credit  for  the  first  attempt  to  use  HF  vapors  to  etch  glass  in  1670.47  Today,  HF  has  multiple  applications  and  is  widely  used  throughout  industry.  In  addition  to  glass  etching,  HF  is  used  in  brick  cleaning,  etching  microchips  in  the  semiconductor  industry,  electroplating,  leather  tanning,  rust  removal,  and  the  cleaning  of  porcelain.47  From  2009  to  2011,  the  American  Association  of  Poison  Control  Centers  reported  more  than  1000  exposures  to  HF  and  at  least  3  deaths  (Chap.  136).  The  hands  are  the  commonest  part  of  the  body  injured.  Exposures  to  HF  often  occur  as  an  unintentional  occupational  hazard.  The  actual  number  of  work-related  poisonings  from  HF  appears  difficult  to  quantitate  because  of  limitations  in  International  Classification  of  Diseases  (ICD)  medical  coding  and  the  lack  of  notification  of  regional  poison  centers  by  worksites.10  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1108435028
ER  -