TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Sickle Cell Disease A1 - McCreight, Audra L. A1 - Wickiser, Jonathan E. A2 - Schafermeyer, Robert A2 - Tenenbein, Milton A2 - Macias, Charles G. A2 - Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 - Yamamoto, Loren G. Y1 - 2014 N1 - T2 - Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 4e AB - Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic hemolytic anemia that is most common among African Americans but may occur in children of any ethnic background. Patients with a single abnormal gene for hemoglobin S (Hgb S) have sickle cell trait and remain essentially asymptomatic.Acute vasoocclusive events, or painful “crisis,” are the most common complication of SCD and are the most frequent cause of emergency department (ED) visits.Patients with SCD presenting with a new infiltrate on chest radiograph and chest pain, fever, and/or respiratory symptoms have acute chest syndrome (ACS) requiring hospitalization.A blood culture should be obtained and parenteral antibiotic given to every patient with SCD and fever due to the risk of sepsis from encapsulated bacteria, especially Pneumococcus.Splenic sequestration crisis occurs when RBCs become entrapped in the spleen, resulting in a rapidly enlarging spleen and a sudden drop in Hgb.Stroke occurs in 11% of patients with sickle cell anemia under 20 years of age. Patients with signs and symptoms concerning for stroke should have neuroimaging performed (preferably MRI and MRA) and consultation with a hematologist as soon as possible. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105685973 ER -