TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Historical Aspects A1 - Cooney, Derek R. A2 - Cooney, Derek R. PY - 2016 T2 - Cooney's EMS Medicine AB - Emergency care of the sick and wounded in the field has deep historical roots as far back as the ancient times when Roman soldiers were carried off the field of battle on their own shields or by chariots and wooden carts. Homer describes medical care being provided in the field by surgeons for those who were too badly injured to be moved. The Brothers of the Benedictine Monastery of Saint Mary Latina began providing care in ad 1080, and later as the Knights Hospitaller1 of the order of St John began rendering emergency medical care on the battlefield and evacuating the victims to a hospital for continued care. Historical references demonstrate stretcher movements of nonambulatory injured or sick persons in Native American North America, India, Egypt, and Europe throughout early history and into the more modern times.2 In the 15th century, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain established deployable field hospitals called ambulancia. George Washington's Continental Army possessed mobile field hospitals with organized systems for retrieving the wounded and delivering them to the field hospital for care. However, Napoleon's surgeon, Dominique-Jean Larrey, is credited with creating one of the first most recognizable EMS systems, centered on his ambulance volante (or flying ambulance) that had been inspired by his observation that the injured waited long time periods without care and that the same basic cart design was a proven mode for rapidly moving artillery. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1126788905 ER -