TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Bronchiolitis A1 - Agarwal, Maneesha A2 - Tenenbein, Milton A2 - Macias, Charles G. A2 - Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 - Yamamoto, Loren G. A2 - Schafermeyer, Robert PY - 2019 T2 - Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 5e AB - Bronchiolitis is a self-limited, virally mediated, acute inflammatory disease of the lower respiratory tract, resulting in obstruction of the small airways that occurs almost exclusively in infants.It is a clinical diagnosis characterized by a prodromal upper respiratory tract infection, rapid respiration, chest retractions and wheezing, and frequently, hypoxia.Respiratory failure may occur secondary to respiratory muscle fatigue or apnea, especially in very young and premature infants.Treatment is supportive; bronchodilators or corticosteroids have not been shown to be of benefit.Indications for hospital admission include need for oxygen or IV fluids, persistent respiratory distress or respiratory failure, adjusted age <6 weeks, or significant underlying disease. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155296600 ER -