TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Intraocular Pressure Measurement (Tonometry)
A1  - Mbugua, Rosalia Njeri
A1  - Jennings, Adam
A2  - Reichman, Eric F.
PY  - 2018
T2  - Reichman's Emergency Medicine Procedures, 3e
AB  - This  chapter  is  designed  to  assist  the  Emergency  Physician  in  the  decision  of  when  it  is  necessary  to  measure  intraocular  pressure  (IOP)  and  will  review  several  reliable  methods  of  tonometry.  There  are  multiple  traumatic,  pathologic,  and  postsurgical  causes  of  changes  in  IOP.  The  clinical  signs  and  symptoms  of  elevated  IOP  are  similar  regardless  of  the  etiology.  Digital  palpation  is  the  oldest  and  simplest  form  of  tonometry  and  remains  useful  in  select  situations.  Schiøtz  indentation  tonometry  is  discussed  for  historical  purposes  and  is  an  accurate  method  to  measure  IOP.  The  nonportable  Goldmann  or  applanation  tonometer  serves  as  the  standard  for  measuring  accurate  IOP.  It  requires  the  use  of  a  slit  lamp  and  can  be  difficult  to  master.  The  hand-held  Perkins  and  Kowa  tonometers  are  based  on  the  same  principle  as  the  Goldmann  and  require  experience  to  use  effectively.  The  electronic  Tono-Pen  is  best  known  to  most  Emergency  Physicians  and  is  discussed  at  length.  The  literature  describes  the  measurement  of  anterior  chamber  depth  with  bedside  ultrasound  to  measure  IOP.  This  may  be  useful  in  patients  with  significant  facial  trauma  and  are  unable  to  open  their  eyes.  The  Emergency  Physician  should  be  comfortable  with  one  or  more  of  these  techniques.  The  early  detection  of  abnormal  IOP  can  prevent  irreversible  vision  loss.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1159808325
ER  -