TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Prevention, Treatment, and Harm Reduction Approaches to Opioid Overdoses A1 - Schatz, Daniel A1 - Lee, Joshua D. A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. PY - 2019 T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e AB - Opioid-related deaths rates in the United States continue to rise. A decades-long US prescription drug epidemic persists, driven by high rates of per capita opioid analgesic dispensing, and is now paired with a growing availability of illicit heroin, fentanyl, and fentanyl derivatives. Rates of opioid use disorders, opioid treatment admissions, opioid-related emergency department (ED) and hospital admissions, and overdose mortality have all steadily increased since 1990.8 In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that for every unintentional overdose death related to an opioid analgesic, 9 people were admitted for substance abuse treatment, 35 visited EDs, 161 reported drug abuse or dependence, and 461 reported nonmedical uses of opioid analgesics.10 Recent federal and state reform efforts seek to bolster a public health response to opioid use disorders and overdose deaths.14,50 The availability and dissemination of core evidence-based interventions that treat and prevent overdose events and fatalities, however, has not kept pace with the number of persons using, suffering harm, and dying from opioids. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163006212 ER -