TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Thyroid and Antithyroid Medications A1 - Bouchard, Nicole C. A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. PY - 2019 T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e AB - Long before the thyroid was recognized as a functional endocrine gland, it was believed to serve a cosmetic function, especially in women. Egyptian paintings often emphasize the full and beautiful necks of women with enlarged thyroid glands. Early theories on the physiologic function of the thyroid gland included lubrication of the trachea, diversion of blood flow from the brain, and protection of women from “irritation” and “vexation” from men.43 Although poorly defined in historical accounts, symptoms resembling hypothyroidism and myxedema that were successfully treated with ground sheep thyroid were described 500 years ago. In the 16th century,Paracelsus described the association between goiter (thyroid gland enlargement) and cretinism.99 A syndrome of cardiac hyperactivity, goiter, and exophthalmos was first described in 1786.99 Graves and von Basedow further detailed this syndrome and its relationship to the thyroid gland 50 years later.43 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163012402 ER -