TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Antimalarials A1 - Barry, James David A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Smith, Silas W. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. PY - 2019 T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e AB - The malaria parasite has caused untold grief throughout human history. The name originated from Italian mal aria (bad air) because the ancient Romans believed the disease was caused by the decay in marshes and swamps and was carried by the malodorous “foul” air emanating from these areas.8 In the 1880s, both the Plasmodium protozoa and its mosquito vector were ­identified.8 Today, nearly half of the world’s population lives in areas where malaria is endemic. Despite markedly decreased mortality rates over the last 7 years, malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2015, there were 212 million estimated malaria cases, leading to 429,000 deaths.119 Most of these deaths were from Plasmodium falciparum infections of young children and primigravid pregnant women in Africa.15 Included among those at risk of becoming infected are 50 million travelers from industrialized countries who visit the developing countries each year. Despite using prophylactic medications, an estimated 30,000 of these travelers will acquire malaria.96 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/12 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1163012781 ER -