TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Shoulder Dystocia in Emergency Delivery A1 - Dooley-Hash, Suzanne A1 - Knoop, Kevin J. A2 - Knoop, Kevin J. A2 - Stack, Lawrence B. A2 - Storrow, Alan B. A2 - Thurman, R. Jason PY - 2021 T2 - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e AB - Shoulder dystocia is defined as failure to deliver the fetal shoulders following delivery of the head. Dystocia is caused by impaction of the fetal shoulders against the pelvic outlet. Often, it is diagnosed by retraction of the fetal head against the perineum after delivery (“turtle sign”). Risk factors include gestational diabetes, prior shoulder dystocia or delivery of large infants, and postterm delivery. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181041790 ER -