TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Cryptococcal Infections
A1  - Raffanti, Stephen P.
A1  - Person, Anna K.
A2  - Knoop, Kevin J.
A2  - Stack, Lawrence B.
A2  - Storrow, Alan B.
A2  - Thurman, R. Jason
PY  - 2021
T2  - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e
AB  - Cryptococcus  neoformans  is  the  most  common  cause  of  meningitis  in  patients  with  HIV/AIDS.  Cryptococcal  meningoencephalitis  typically  manifests  itself  in  patients  whose  CD4  cell  counts  are  less  than  50/mm3.  The  onset  tends  to  be  insidious  with  fairly  nonspecific  symptoms  such  as  fever,  nausea,  and  headache.  Symptoms  may  be  present  for  several  weeks,  and  diagnostic  delay  is  common.  Seizures  or  focal  neurologic  presentations  are  rare,  and  neck  stiffness  and/or  photophobia  are  usually  absent.  Diagnosis  is  usually  made  on  examination  of  cerebrospinal  fluid  (CSF).  Opening  pressures  may  be  quite  elevated  on  LP,  and  CSF  values  usually  reveal  a  normal  CSF  glucose  concentration,  a  mildly  elevated  CSF  protein  concentration,  and  a  CSF  leukocyte  count  of  less  than  20/mL.  India  ink  staining  shows  the  organisms  directly  with  an  approximate  sensitivity  of  70%,  whereas  CSF  cryptococcal  latex  antigen  testing  has  a  sensitivity  approaching  90%.  Fungal  CSF  cultures  should  also  be  sent.  Cutaneous  manifestations  are  seen  in  disseminated  disease.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/23
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181057388
ER  -