TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Penetrating Facial Trauma
A1  - Stark, Christopher L.
A2  - Knoop, Kevin J.
A2  - Stack, Lawrence B.
A2  - Storrow, Alan B.
A2  - Thurman, R. Jason
PY  - 2021
T2  - The Atlas of Emergency Medicine, 5e
AB  - Injury  patterns  of  penetrating  facial  trauma  can  be  predicted  based  on  projectile  type,  entry  location,  and  path.  Midface  injuries  extend  from  the  supraorbital  rim  superiorly  to  the  oral  commissure  inferiorly  and  to  the  external  auditory  meatus  posteriorly.  Mandibular  injuries  extend  from  the  oral  commissure  superiorly  and  to  the  lower  border  of  the  mandible  inferiorly.  Shotgun  wounds  typically  involve  both  facial  zones  and  will  involve  one  or  both  eyes  in  50%  of  patients.  Fifty  percent  of  patients  with  gunshot  wounds  (GSWs)  to  the  mandible  will  require  an  emergency  airway.  Stab  wounds  are  less  likely  to  require  emergency  airway  than  GSWs.  Additional  structures  that  require  consideration  during  the  ED  evaluation  include  brain,  blood  vessels,  and  esophagus.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181038146
ER  -