TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Marine Envenomations A1 - Brush, D. Eric A2 - Hoffman, Robert S. A2 - Howland, Mary Ann A2 - Lewin, Neal A. A2 - Nelson, Lewis S. A2 - Goldfrank, Lewis R. PY - 2015 T2 - Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e AB - Human contact with venomous marine creatures is common and may result in serious harm from biological toxins or mechanical injury inflicted by the stinging apparatus. Significant morbidity results from envenomation by spiny fish, cone snails, octopi, sea snakes, and several species of jellyfish. Despite advances in basic science research regarding the biochemical nature of marine toxins and their mechanisms of action, our knowledge of the pathophysiology related to clinical syndromes in humans and the optimal therapies for human envenomation remain limited. Evidence for effective treatment is primarily derived from in vitro and in vivo animal research without the benefit of controlled human trials. However, current research in toxinology coupled with clinical observations allows the development of cogent treatment guidelines for victims of marine envenomation. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1108436432 ER -