RT Book, Section A1 Cooper, Jimmy L. A1 Cuenca, Peter J. A2 Cooney, Derek R. SR Print(0) ID 1126794406 T1 Army Emergency Medical Response T2 Cooney's EMS Medicine YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071775649 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1126794406 RD 2024/10/07 AB The first formally trained ambulance service owes its existence to military operations. The first formal emergency medical service is traced back to the middle ages during the crusades of the 11th century. The Knights of Saint John received instruction in first-aid treatment from both Arab and Greek doctors. These Knights of Saint John then acted as the first formally trained prehospital medical personnel, treating soldiers on both sides of the war on the battlefield and bringing in the wounded to nearby tents for further medical treatment.1 The military again played a significant role in the development of prehospital care in 1487 during the Siege of Malaga, in Spain. This was the first recorded use of an ambulance—a horse drawn cart with a trained attendant.2 In the 1700s, Napoleon Bonaparte appointed Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey to develop the first systematic collection of wounded on the battlefield. In 1797, Larrey created “ambulance volantes” or light with carriages with trained personnel to collect, transport, and treat injured.3 Larrey developed all of the precepts of emergency medical care that are used today by all modern EMS systems: rapid access to the patient by trained personnel, field treatment and stabilization, and rapid transportation back to the medical facility while providing medical care en route.4