RT Book, Section
A1 Bailitz, John
A1 Hedayati, Tarlan
A2 Tintinalli, Judith E.
A2 Stapczynski, J. Stephan
A2 Ma, O. John
A2 Yealy, Donald M.
A2 Meckler, Garth D.
A2 Cline, David M.
SR Print(0)
ID 1121495440
T1 Trauma to the Face
T2 Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e
YR 2016
FD 2016
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071794763
LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1121495440
RD 2024/04/19
AB Assaults,  motor  vehicle  crashes,  falls,  sports,  and  gunshot  wounds  account  for  the  majority  of  facial  fractures  (in  descending  order  of  incidence),  with  motor  vehicle  crashes  and  gunshot  wounds  resulting  in  a  higher  severity  of  injury.1  The  lack  of  a  seat  belt  or  airbag  increases  the  risk  of  facial  fractures  and  panfacial  fracture.2  The  most  common  fractures  are  to  the  nasal  bone,  followed  by  orbital  floor,  zygomaticomaxillary,  maxillary  sinuses,  and  mandibular  ramus.1  Mechanisms  and  injury  patterns  vary  with  geography.  In  the  urban  setting,  penetrating  trauma  and  assaults  result  in  midface  and  zygomatic  fractures.  In  the  rural  setting,  motor  vehicle  crashes  and  recreational  injuries  result  in  fractures  of  the  mandible  and  nose.  Males  are  more  frequently  affected  than  females,  but  domestic  violence  and  elder  and  child  abuse  must  always  be  considered  in  any  patient  presenting  with  facial  trauma.  The  majority  of  abused  women  and  children  will  have  injuries  to  the  head,  face,  and  neck.3,4