RT Book, Section A1 Dixon, Andrew A1 Stauffer, Brandy A2 Tintinalli, Judith E. A2 Stapczynski, J. Stephan A2 Ma, O. John A2 Yealy, Donald M. A2 Meckler, Garth D. A2 Cline, David M. SR Print(0) ID 1153279469 T1 Renal Emergencies in Children T2 Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 8e YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071794763 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1153279469 RD 2024/03/18 AB Acute kidney injury (AKI; previously called acute renal failure) is the sudden loss of renal function necessary to maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance and clear metabolic waste.1,2 AKI is typically manifested by an increase in serum creatinine, although the increase will not necessarily cause the creatinine to be outside the normal range. Use of serum creatinine alone to define AKI, however, is problematic because creatinine is an inaccurate estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and can be removed by dialysis, and variable cut-off values for creatinine have been used in AKI. Therefore, the international classification system, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) (Table 134–1), is preferred. The system uses creatinine and urine output criteria and can be applied to both children and adults, minimizing practice variation.3