RT Book, Section A1 Franco, Alexandra A1 Moreno, Carlos H. A1 Tuda, Claudio A2 Farcy, David A. A2 Chiu, William C. A2 Marshall, John P. A2 Osborn, Tiffany M. SR Print(0) ID 1135703006 T1 Hospital-Acquired, Health Care-Associated and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia T2 Critical Care Emergency Medicine, 2e YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071838764 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1135703006 RD 2024/03/29 AB Whether in the emergency department (ED) or in the intensive care unit (ICU), pneumonia is a disease with which all treating clinicians must be familiar. Acute pneumonia is the fourth leading cause of death among patients of all age groups worldwide and the leading cause of mortality in low-income countries according to the World Health Organization (WHO).1 The main challenge in the management of this illness is the large number of microbial agents that can cause the disease, in addition to the difficulty of making an etiologic diagnosis before starting treatment. Therefore, antibiotic therapy must be started empirically by clinicians, which may lead to excessive antibiotic coverage, which entails a considerable risk of antibiotic resistance among the common pathogens involved. In order to accurately recognize and appropriately manage pneumonia, healthcare providers must understand the different definitions, microbiology, pathogenesis, and varying treatment guidelines available.