RT Book, Section A1 Jain, Ashika A1 Kane, Deborah Shipley A2 Farcy, David A. A2 Chiu, William C. A2 Marshall, John P. A2 Osborn, Tiffany M. SR Print(0) ID 1135703814 T1 Ultrasound Assessment for Volume Status T2 Critical Care Emergency Medicine, 2e YR 2016 FD 2016 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071838764 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1135703814 RD 2024/03/28 AB Assessing volume status in critically ill and injured patients is of paramount importance to the provider and patient. However, volume status can be very difficult to assess and is often dynamic. Studies such as that by Rivers et al. have shown that early aggressive fluid resuscitation directly impacts sepsis outcomes.1 Yet studies such as the SOAP trials noted that positive fluid balance was among the strongest prognostic factors for mortality.2 There are various methods by which to assess fluid status. Bedside ultrasound assessment of volume status has become an important tool for the clinician because it is noninvasive, not harmful, and, most importantly, repeatable for reassessment. Pulmonary artery catheters for pulmonary wedge pressure have been shown to provide no added benefit to patient care, with the added burden of increased cost.3–6 The use of central venous pressure (CVP) as a single marker has come under much scrutiny since Marik et al. described a poor relationship between CVP and blood volume in a systematic review in 2008 and again in 2012.7,8 This chapter will review these methods for using bedside ultrasound for evaluation including inferior vena cava (IVC) ultrasound, cardiac ultrasound, superior vena cava (SVC) ultrasound, and pleural ultrasound.