RT Book, Section A1 Lane, David R. A2 Cydulka, Rita K. A2 Fitch, Michael T. A2 Joing, Scott A. A2 Wang, Vincent J. A2 Cline, David M. A2 Ma, O. John SR Print(0) ID 1143140979 T1 Urinary Tract Infections and Hematuria T2 Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 8e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071837026 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1143140979 RD 2024/11/08 AB Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections treated in the outpatient setting. More than 50% of women experience one in their lifetimes, and approximately 12% of women have a UTI annually. UTIs are divided into two major categories: lower tract infections and upper tract infections. Lower UTIs include urethritis, typically caused by sexually transmitted diseases and differentiated by the presence of discharge, and cystitis, an acute bacterial infection of the urinary bladder. Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract structures including the ureters and kidneys. Differentiation of upper and lower UTIs is based on history and physical exam.