RT Book, Section A1 Hankin, Abigail D. A2 Cydulka, Rita K. A2 Fitch, Michael T. A2 Joing, Scott A. A2 Wang, Vincent J. A2 Cline, David M. A2 Ma, O. John SR Print(0) ID 1143141304 T1 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease T2 Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine Manual, 8e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071837026 LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1143141304 RD 2024/10/15 AB Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) comprises a spectrum of infections of the female upper reproductive tract, including endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydiatrachomatis are frequently isolated pathogens; however, many other microorganisms have been associated with PID, including vaginal flora, gram-negative rods, streptococci, and mycoplasmas. Risk factors for PID include age (teenagers are at greatest risk), multiple sexual partners, a new sexual partner within the past 30 days, presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, and intrauterine device insertion within the prior 3 weeks. PID occurs less commonly in pregnancy, but is associated with increased maternal morbidity and preterm labor. Complications of PID include significantly increased risk for ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pain, even after only a single episode of PID.