RT Book, Section
A1 Fein, Mindy
A1 Dewitt, Aaron
A1 Moro-Sutherland, Donna M.
A2 Tenenbein, Milton
A2 Macias, Charles G.
A2 Sharieff, Ghazala Q.
A2 Yamamoto, Loren G.
A2 Schafermeyer, Robert
SR Print(0)
ID 1155297161
T1 Heart Failure in Infants and Children
T2 Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 5e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259860751
LK accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1155297161
RD 2024/04/19
AB New-onset  heart  failure  may  be  difficult  to  diagnose  in  children,  as  symptoms  closely  mimic  common  respiratory  and  gastrointestinal  illnesses,  or  even  sepsis,  diverting  attention  from  the  true  primary  cause.A  directed  history  and  physical  examination  can  provide  clues  to  the  presence  and  possible  etiologies  of  heart  failure.Abnormal  vital  signs  with  elevated  core  temperature  compared  to  peripheral  extremities  may  suggest  cardiac  disease.The  clinical  diagnosis  of  congestive  heart  failure  in  infants  rests  upon  identification  of  cardinal  signs:  labored  breathing  and  diaphoresis  with  feeding,  failure  to  thrive,  and  hepatomegaly.  A  gallop  may  also  be  present.Acute  management  in  the  emergency  room  is  aimed  at  improving  oxygenation  and  oxygen  delivery  as  well  as  reducing  metabolic  energy  and  oxygen  demands.Medications  to  consider  include  diuretics,  inotropes,  vasodilators,  and  neurohumoral  modulators  (i.e.,  angiotensin-converting  enzyme  [ACE]  inhibitors,  β-blockers).